Several methods/platforms have been developed over the years to produce vaccines; from live-attenuated forms of the pathogen to recombinant RNA vaccines.
Regardless of the type of vaccine, the endpoints used to measure their efficacy are the same: prevention from infection, transmission, disease, and death. Most of the laboratory tests used by clinicians to measure the occurrence of current and past infection and the levels and types of immunogenicity can be automated. Automation-friendly assays include Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), flow cytometry, neutralization assays, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).
Chapters included in this eBook:
